Financial Statement

Hey guys! Today is the last day of my lesson this semester and I wanna explain a little about financial statement. Please enjoy!

The accounting reports that provide information about transactions in a business are called financial statements.The principal financial statements are the income statement, the balance sheet and the statement of cash flows.

Income statement is a summary of the revenue and expenses for a specific period  of time, such as a month or a year. The balance sheet is a list of the assets, liabilities, and owner's equity as of a specific date, usually at the close of the last day of a month or a year. Statement of cash flows is a summary of the cash receipts and cash payments  for a specific period of time such as a month or a year.

This post is the shortest so far but I still hope that this can be very helpful for anyone who read this. I told you before that this is the last day of my lesson and next week I'm having my final exam. Oh my God I'm so nervous and I can't stop thinking about it! Anyway, thank you for visiting my blog and wish me luck!

Jamblang as Local Food (part 2)

Basic Accounting Equation

Hello peeps! What are you up to? Today I'm gonna mention something about the accounting equation.

Assets are the properties owned by a business. The rights or claims to the properties are normally divided into two principal types:

1. The rights of creditors

2. The rights of owners

Liabilities are the rights of creditors represent debts of the business.

Owner's equity or capital are the rights of the owners.

The relationship between the two maybe stated in the form of an equation, as follows:

Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity

Assets are divided into two categories: Current Assets and Fixed Assets. Current Assets has limited life within one year. Fixed assets are long term (permanent) assets which life lasted more than one year. All accounts under current assets are: cash, banks, accounts receivable, inventory, supplies, prepaid insurance, prepaid rent, etc. All accounts under fixed assets are: land, building, equipment, vehicle, etc. Fixed assets are divided into two categories: Tangible Assets (can be seen physically), Intangible Assets (cannot be seen physically. ex: royalty, patent, franchise, expertise, network, certificate, etc.)

Revenue is the gross increase in owner's equity as a result of business and professional activities that earn income. Expense is the amount of assets or services use in the process of earning revenue. The difference between revenue and expense will give us a net income or net loss. The business earned net income if revenue excess expense and the business suffered loss if expense excess revenue.

Net Income = Revenue - Expense

Net Loss = Expense - Revenue

The expenses are divided into two categories: Fixed Expenses and Current Expenses. Fixed expenses are not influenced by production capacity (ex. rent building, salary, utilities: water, electricity and telephone bill.) Current expenses are influenced by the capacity of the production (ex.  materials used for production).

The statement of cash flows reports a firms major cash inflows and outflows for a period. It provide useful information about a firms ability to generate cash from operation, maintain and expand its operating capacity, meet its financial obligation, and pay dividends.

Cash Ending Balance = Cash Beginning Balance + Inflows - Outflows

That's it for today, I hope this post is useful and enjoy your weekend!

Food Additives and Business Plan

Hello ppl!  How are you? Excited for my newest post? Then let's get going!

Food additive is a functional substance intentionally added to food to enhance its flavor or appearance. Food additives can be separated into two main groups which are flavors and colors. Flavor itself divided into taste and smell. Many of natural additives have been used for centuries, but with the advent of processed foods, artificial (synthesis) additive have been introduced.

Example of food additives that change flavors:

·   Natural: Vanilla, Caramel, Lime Peel, Orange Leaves, Lemongrass Leaves, Galangal, Basil, Pandan, etc.

·         Half-natural: Shrimp Paste, etc.

·         Synthesis: Essence, Acid, etc.

Vanilla
http://cdn.playbuzz.com/cdn/41e0e11f-c5ba-4771-80c9-0a8acd36244a/accef4b6-f28e-489e-9c06-98525d8c299b.jpg

Caramel
bakeat350.blogspot.com

Lemongrass Leaf

http://p-fst2.pixstatic.com/5069f1d1fb04d60a6b0008ad._w.1500_s.fit_.jpg

Shrimp Paste
http://36.media.tumblr.com/0ca194fe6c544379ee35412168bfeadb/tumblr_mm9la5NXVx1rau2jyo3_500.jpg

Example of food additives that change colors:

·         Natural: Paprika, Turmeric, Pandan, Carmine, etc.

·         Half-natural: Red Yeast Rice, etc.

·         Synthesis: Tatrazine, Alurra Red, Indigotine, etc.

Paprika
http://33.media.tumblr.com/8221dc26b76a98f2cd50ad20b1699da8/tumblr_inline_n6cemteetr1sf3bgt.jpg

Turmeric
http://authoritynutrition.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/turmeric-roots-and-a-jar-of-turmeric-powder.jpg

Red Yeast Rice
https://www.wolfsonintegrativecardiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/red-yeast-rice.jpg

Half-natural food additive means it comes from natural food, but it wouldn’t be formed without food processing.

Agriculture can be done onsite or offsite. Onside means inside farm and deliberately managed for consumption. Offsite means it can be found on its real habitat such as Menyan, Gadung and Kecombrang (Indonesian wild plants).

There is three generations in managing food:

1.       First Generation: Seed. This is the generation where technology is needed to produce seed with large quantities and high quality, such as genetic engineering in plants.

2.       Second Generation: Cultivation. In this generation, Outcrossing can occur between unrelated genetic materials into a breeding line. The purpose is to increase genetic diversity, reducing the probability to disease or genetic abnormalities.

3.       Third Generation: Industry. After cultivation, food will be process and produce in large quantities using machines continuously. There is a lot of business opportunities in this generation.

The goal in starting businesses is to capitalize on an invention, pursue a passion, be their own boss and get rich, so we’ll need a business plan. The first thing to do is set strategic guide, like “where do you want to go?”, “how are you going to get there?”, “what market niches?”, “how much is it going to cost?”, “greatest profit opportunity?”. Then, find lenders and investors. Lenders will expect our good business track record, ability to repay, staying power and collateral. Unlike lenders, investors will expect competitive advantage, huge market, strong management team, strong marketing and sales plan, obscene return, etc. In businesses, we’ll also need exit strategies in case our business didn’t come off as we thought. Exit strategies could be selling the business, transferring the business to a family member, taking the company public or being acquired by a larger company.

https://cdn.evbuc.com/eventlogos/95004/dreamstime13489446small.jpg

Enjoy my posts this far? If you have any suggestion please don't mind write in the comments below.
Well, I'm so grateful for your visit, guys, so come back next week for my new post! Have a great day! ;)

Food Processing Part II (Industrial Scale)

****************Trick Or Treat???****************

Happy Halloween, guys!!! How do you feeling today? Do you know what to wear for tonight? I got some ideas for you! How about dressing like a zombie nurse? Or an old Chinese vampire? Or a pirate? Or a witch? It doesn't matter what you wear, let's just get tricky tonight!! Anyway, still wondering what’s gonna be my next post? Well, not to waste anymore time, let’s get started!

Food Processing in industrial scale always consist of many steps. Even the simplest, like processing pickle, we need to do not less than three steps, which are wash, cut and ferment.

Cassava can be harvested about 12-14 months after planting. If we harvest too soon or too late, the starch content is not fit for the production (starch content is not the highest). To process tapioca flour from raw cassava, first we need to peel the cassava. While peeling, the cassava also washed. Then the skin-less cassava being cut and rasped and we have the cassava porridge. After that, the porridge moved to the extractor. The extractor applies centrifugal force to separate the liquid from its pulp. The liquid contains water and tapioca. The liquid then moved to the separator. The separator also applies centrifugal force so in this process also called the second process of centrifugal. The difference between the extractor and separator is that the nozzle is being used in the separator. The nozzle helps in controlling the direction of a fluid flow (especially to increase or decrease the velocity).  In this process, we will separate the tapioca with lower density from high protein water. The tapioca will be moved to the next process while the high protein water will be used again in the extractor. The tapioca will be further filtered to obtain the higher density level. After that, we dry the starch in the oven until the water is all evaporated and the tapioca flour is ready to be used.

  

http://www.fao.org/docrep/x5032e/x5032E0D.GIF

milk = white juice from certain plant (in this case, from cassava root)

To produce one kilogram of tapioca flour, we will need ± 5 kilograms of raw cassava. In large factory, they could produce up to 80 tons of tapioca flour in one day which means they will need ± 400 tons raw cassava. In 1 hectare field, we could only harvest 10 tons of cassava. To harvest 400 tons of cassava, we’ll need ± 40 hectare of cassava fields in one day. So, we could conclude that large factory will need to harvest 40 hectare cassava fields in order to produce tapioca flour per day.

That’s only one of the many kinds of food processing in industrial scale. It’s amazing, right, how people can manage food processes in just one single day so that consumers will never run out of foods and they still could fulfill their needs of food. 

So this is the ending of this session, I will add some flowcharts about food processing products below. I hope you like it. Adios! :D

http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y4765e/y4765e08.gif

http://www.chocolatemixer.in/images/cocoaProcess.jpg

http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0078e/P204.jpg

http://www.agnet.org/htmlarea_graph/library/20110715210310/eb410f2.jpg

How to write Scientific Project Report?

Hello, guys! How are you? It’s been a while since my last post about Jamblang, one of the extinction plants in Indonesia. Do you like it? Please don’t hesitate to leave some comments.

Now, I will share about how to write a scientific project report. I hope you find this useful. Please enjoy!

1.       Title of experiment

Gives an idea of what experiment is about.

2.       Preface

A preface is a brief introduction written by the author about the whole concept of the experiment.

3.       Chapter I (Introduction)

a.       Background

Usually contain information about the object of experiment, history of the object of experiment, reasons why you choose this object.

b.      Aim/Problem Questions

The outlines of what you’re trying to achieve in doing the experiment or a question that you pose or attempt to answer through experimentation.

c.       Hypothesis

A supposition of how things work. This hypothesis is the basis of your research, to prove whether your conjecture is right or wrong.

4.       Chapter II (Literature)

a.       Theoretical Basis

Theoretical Basis includes scientific information founded in journals or based on the interview with professional respondent. If the theory is gotten from the interview, it’s required to attach the recording. Theoretical basis also could contains direct quoted from books.

b.      Methodology

In this section, it’s necessary to explain about the method used in experiment, including the steps taken in order to get the data, then explain why using that method.

5.       Chapter III (Data)

Contain variables and data of experiment. The data is being recorded and organized in this part of report.

6.       Chapter IV (Observation and Discussion)

In this chapter, the data is being analyzed. Usually there are diagrams, graphs and formulas to complete the data. While the discussion is a summary of what have gotten in the experiment, focus on observing the data, tables, diagrams and graphs.

7.       Chapter V (Closing)

a.       Conclusion

Provide a statement that answers the question that written in Problem Question.

b.      Reflection

Reflection gives an opportunity to show what you have learned during the experiment that may not be mentioned in the report.

8.       References

Contains bibliographic information about every source cited in the report.

9.       Attachments

Contain pictures and tables during the experiment.

If you’re confused to differentiate between theoretical basis and backgrounds, just noted that theoretical basis is based on books and journals, means it contains scientific information, unlike backgrounds, it contains general knowledge.

There are many styles to cite references, such as APA ed., Chicago ed., GB7714, ISO 690, etc.

American Psychological Association
rbmabalacat.com

Chicago Fifteen Edition
tex.stackexchange.com

So, that’s it for today. Thank you for visiting my blog. I hope you like what I share ;)

Jamblang as local food